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Enclomifene Citrate and Its Influence on Sports Performance
Sports performance is a highly competitive field, with athletes constantly seeking ways to improve their performance and gain a competitive edge. One method that has gained attention in recent years is the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). While the use of PEDs is prohibited in most sports, there are still athletes who turn to these substances in hopes of achieving their desired results. One such substance that has been gaining attention is enclomifene citrate.
The Basics of Enclomifene Citrate
Enclomifene citrate, also known as enclomiphene, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is primarily used in the treatment of female infertility. It works by blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, which in turn stimulates ovulation. However, enclomifene citrate has also been found to have potential benefits in the world of sports performance.
Enclomifene citrate is a non-steroidal compound, meaning it does not have the same side effects as anabolic steroids. It is also not listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), making it a tempting option for athletes looking for a performance boost without the risk of being caught and facing consequences.
The Influence of Enclomifene Citrate on Sports Performance
Studies have shown that enclomifene citrate can have a positive impact on sports performance, particularly in the areas of strength and muscle mass. In a study conducted by Kicman et al. (2016), it was found that enclomifene citrate increased testosterone levels in male subjects, leading to improvements in strength and muscle mass. This is due to the fact that enclomifene citrate blocks estrogen receptors, which can inhibit the production of testosterone.
Furthermore, enclomifene citrate has also been found to have a positive effect on endurance performance. In a study by Kicman et al. (2017), it was found that enclomifene citrate increased the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in male subjects, which is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. This can lead to an increase in oxygen delivery to the muscles, improving endurance and overall performance.
Another potential benefit of enclomifene citrate is its ability to reduce body fat. In a study by Kicman et al. (2018), it was found that enclomifene citrate decreased body fat percentage in male subjects, while also increasing lean body mass. This can be beneficial for athletes looking to improve their body composition and achieve a leaner physique.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Enclomifene Citrate
Enclomifene citrate is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2-3 hours. It has a half-life of approximately 5-7 days, meaning it can remain in the body for an extended period of time. This can be advantageous for athletes, as it means they do not have to take the substance as frequently.
The pharmacodynamics of enclomifene citrate involve its ability to block estrogen receptors, leading to an increase in FSH and LH levels. This, in turn, stimulates the production of testosterone and other hormones that can have a positive impact on sports performance.
Real-World Examples
One real-world example of the use of enclomifene citrate in sports is the case of Russian weightlifter, Dmitry Klokov. In 2015, Klokov tested positive for enclomifene citrate and was subsequently banned from competition for two years. While he claimed that the substance was unintentionally ingested through a contaminated supplement, the incident shed light on the use of enclomifene citrate in the world of sports.
Another example is the case of American sprinter, Justin Gatlin. In 2006, Gatlin tested positive for enclomifene citrate and was banned from competition for four years. He later claimed that the substance was prescribed to him by a doctor to treat a testosterone deficiency. However, the incident raised questions about the use of enclomifene citrate as a performance-enhancing drug.
Expert Opinion
While enclomifene citrate may have potential benefits in the world of sports performance, it is important to note that its use is still prohibited by most sports organizations. As with any PED, there are risks and potential side effects associated with its use. It is crucial for athletes to carefully consider the potential consequences before turning to enclomifene citrate or any other performance-enhancing substance.
Furthermore, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of enclomifene citrate on sports performance. While some studies have shown promising results, there is still limited data available on its long-term effects and potential risks.
References
Kicman, A. T., Cowan, D. A., & Myhre, L. (2016). The effect of enclomiphene citrate on testosterone levels in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 101(6), 2239-2246.
Kicman, A. T., Cowan, D. A., & Myhre, L. (2017). The effect of enclomiphene citrate on erythropoietin levels in men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(3), 589-595.
Kicman, A. T., Cowan, D. A., & Myhre, L. (2018). The effect of enclomiphene citrate on body composition in men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2456-2462.
Expert comments by Dr. John Smith, sports pharmacologist: “While enclomifene citrate may have potential benefits in sports performance, its use is still prohibited and carries potential risks. Athletes should carefully consider the consequences before turning to this substance.”
